A situationship is a form of romantic or emotionally close connection that develops without an explicit label, commitment, or clearly defined expectations.

Red string theory is a traditional East Asian belief that two people destined to meet are connected by an invisible red thread shaped by ties formed in past lives. This concept is now widely romanticized in literature, film, and pop culture as the ultimate symbol of predestined love. 

"In Technometric Analysis framework, humanware refers to the capabilities of people within a production system, including skills, experience, and problem-solving ability. 

Technoware refers to physical technologies such as machinery, equipment, automation systems, and manufacturing tools.

The semiconductor industry refers to the entire end‑to‑end supply chain processes, encompassing all stages from raw material processing, design and fabrication, to packaging, testing, and the delivery of finished semiconductor products."

For the purpose of this debate, “reducing job dependency” refers to lessening workers’ reliance on employment for subsistence, such as through universal basic income, collective ownership, etc.

"The “Fourth Estate” refers to the media role in monitoring power, informing the public, and facilitating public discourses.

Institutionalisation would formally establish an independent body juxtaposed with the other three estates (executive, legislative, judiciary), with the constitutional power of investigation and disclosure."

"Hybrid regime is a political system that has mixed-features of democracy and autocracy, often as a a result of incomplete transition from authoritarian regime to a democratic one. Features of hybrid regime include, but not limited to, holding regular elections but having centralized concentration of power, allowing freedom of speech yet simultaneously repress, and others. 

Liberal democracy is a governmental system that emphasizes freedom and equality for all individuals, characterized by universal sufferage, separation of powers, protection of civil rights, and the exercise of political power is limited by the rule of law. Liberal democracy is often thought as the final, ideal implementation of democracy in modern time."

"Counterinsurgency is a political or military action taken by state to surpress activities of non-state adversaries (i.e. separatists, revolutionaries, extremists, cartels, etc.). There are two major tactics of Counterinsurgency, namely Indoctrination and Direct Confrontation.

Indoctrination includes political agendas that aim to convince society to not join the insurgencies, often competing to insurgency groups' own ideologies. It also aims to convince insurgency members to willingly opt out from the insurgent groups on their own.

Direct Confrontation involves localized armed action to directly eliminate insurgent groups and prevent widespread violence."

Cultural omnivorism refers to the pattern of cultural consumption in which individuals from upper-middle class engage with a wide range of cultural norms across class boundaries.

"Speculative fiction is a broad literary genre that explores imagined worlds, alternative realities, or future societies. Rather than depicting reality as it currently exists, speculative fiction asks hypothetical questions to portray structures of power, oppression, resistance, and social change.

Examples are such as: 1984 by George Orwell, The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood"

"“Women counterparts to powerful men” refers to a phenomenon where women gain public attention, admiration, or symbolic status primarily due to their proximity to powerful men.

For example, in sports, women are often framed as WAGs (Wifes and Girlfriends) of elite athletes or in politics, similar visibility appears in distinctions such as the prominence of First Ladies and other political spouses. Comparable patterns are also seen among spouses or partners of mayors, royals, CEOs, tycoons, or political elites, who are publicly recognized through their associations to the male leaders."

"The narrative of taking opportunities first and learning later has recently become very popular in social media. It is inspired by the Chinese phrase 学习是最简单的机会, 实践是最难的 (Xuéxí shì zuì jiǎndān de, jīhuì shì zuì nán de), which means “Learning is the easiest part; seizing the opportunity is the hardest.” These stories glorify taking risks first and figuring things out later.

For the purpose of this debate, this narrative will be referred as the 'Xuexi' narrative"

"There are two major types of society: Guilt and Shame society. 

Guilt Society emphasizes the internalization of 'right and wrong' in decision making, leading to people avoiding to be 'wrong', and feel guilty over things they have or not have done. This society is typically more individualistic, where exercising individual rights according to each person's believe is a primary concern.

In contrast, Shame society emphasizes 'honor and shame' in decision making, leading people avoiding 'shameful behavior' and attempt to protect not only theirs, but also their closest ones' honor and respect. This society is typically more collectivist, where societal cohesion and conflict-aversion are primary concern. "

The “Strawberry Generation” is a popular label used to describe younger generations who are perceived as emotionally sensitive, easily stressed, and less resilient when facing pressure, criticism, or hardship.

Buddhism is a religion which central aim is to eliminate suffering by attaining nirvana (enlightment; a state of full understanding that ends suffering). There are two ways to pursue this.

Arhantship is the path where a practitioner focuses on achieving their own enlightenment, thereby ending their personal suffering and exiting the cycle of rebirth.

Boddhisatvahood is the path where a practitioner also seeks enlightenment but prioritizes helping countless beings first, even if this means delaying their own final liberation for zillion of lives to come.

Bid’ah, meaning "innovation" in Islamic discourse, refers to new practices in religion that were not present during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Many traditional scholars view some bid’ah as a dangerous deviation that could corrupt the purity of Islam, leading to strict opposition against religious changes.

One of the interpretation that is banned and viewed as bid'ah in Islam is allowing women to lead mixed-gender congregational prayers.

Christian scripture presents two contrasting models of discipleship: one where having faith in Jesus entails struggles and trials that attempt to test your resilience in following path of Jesus (“deny yourself, take up your cross, and follow Me”), and another where faith in Jesus entails in having assurance of abundant blessings (“I came that they may have life, and have it to the full”).

Currently the European Union does not have a single capital market. Instead, it operates through 27 separate national capital markets, each with its own rules, institutions, and financial systems. Trillions of euros flow through these fragmented markets every year in the form of stocks, bonds, and derivatives, but largely remain confined within national borders.

The Capital Markets Union (CMU) is a proposal to integrate these national markets into one unified EU-wide capital market, allowing money to flow more freely across member states.

On November 7th 2025, Sanae Takaichi (PM of Japan) stated, "That an emergency situation in Taiwan involving the deployment of military forces could be considered a "situation threatening the very existence of Japan". This sparked tension between China and Japan, whereas China criticized and exxerted pressures through official statements, limiting trade, and military posturing.

Military Schengen refers to an EU initiative to create an EU-wide military mobility area by 2027, allowing the rapid movement of troops, military equipment, and supplies across EU member states with minimal bureaucratic delay.

Nichijou‑kei (日常系) refers to a Japanese approach to storytelling that focuses on the beauty of small action in everyday life. Instead of relying on dramatic events or grand romantic gestures, it highlights small acts of affection and quiet emotional moments.

AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research, which is an opposite of AI Spring, an ongoing period of rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) that started in the late 2010s before gaining international prominence in late 2022 with the public release of ChatGPT.

"A structuralist mindset refers to interpreting one’s life as primarily shaped by social structures such as class, race, institutions, and historical power relations.

A voluntaristic mindset refers to interpreting one’s life as primarily shaped by personal choices, effort, values, and individual agency."